Gamma-Hadron Separation using Čerenkov Photon Density Fluctuations     

V. R. Chitnis  P. N. Bhat 《Experimental Astronomy》2002,13(2):77-100

In the atmospheric Čerenkov technique γ-rays are detected against the abundant background produced by hadronic showers. In order to improve the signal to noise ratio of theexperiment, it is necessary to reject a significant fraction of hadronic showers. Traditional background rejection methods based on image shape parameters have been extensively used for the data from imaging telescopes. However, non-imaging Čerenkov telescopes have to develop very different means of statistically identifying and removing cosmic ray events. Some of the parameters, which could be potentially important for non-imaging arrays, are the temporal and spectral differences, the lateral distributions and density fluctuations of Čerenkov photons generated by γ-ray and hadron primaries. Here we study the differences in fluctuations of Čerenkov photon density in the light pool at the observation level from showers initiated by photons and those initiated by protons or heavier nuclei. The database of simulated events for the PACT array has been used to evaluate the efficiency of the new technique. Various types of density fluctuations like the short range and medium range fluctuations as well as flatness parameter are studied. The estimated quality factors reflect the efficiencies with which the hadrons can be rejected from the data. Since some of these parameters are independent, the cuts may be applied in tandem and we demonstrate that the proton rejection efficiency of ∼90% can be achieved. Use of density fluctuations is particularly suited for wavefront sampling observations and it seems to be a good technique to improve the signal to noise ratio. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

基于泛珠三角的广东工业旅游探讨     

甘军丽 《云南地理环境研究》2006,18(2):100-103

基于建立泛珠三角的研究背景，通过对广州发展工业旅游的条件的分析得出结论，认为由于地缘关系和历史原因，在泛珠三角的成员中，广东最早接受香港地区的经济辐射，港澳台投资者在广东大量投资建厂，工业优势也日渐凸显，这种得天独厚的优势，为广东发展工业旅游奠定了坚实的基础。并通过对广东工业旅游示范点和其他适合发展工业旅游的企业进行调查分析和实证研究，总结了广东发展工业旅游的主要客源类型，并对广东工业旅游的发展提出了几点发展思路。工业与旅游相结合，两者完全可以达到双赢，并可以得到一定的社会效益，也是结论性认识。  相似文献   

Is there any detachment in the Lower Dolpo (western Nepal)?Y a-t-il un détachement dans le bas Dolpo (Népal occidental) ?     

Rodolfo Carosi  Chiara Montomoli  Dario Visonà 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):933-940

A structural transect in the Lower Dolpo highlights that the deformation and metamorphism of the Tibetan Zone (TZ) increase toward the bottom of the sequence. The contact with the underlying HHC is marked by a metamorphic jump from amphibolite facies in the carbonatic rocks of the upper part of the HHC to greenschist facies marbles in the TZ. Moreover, the HHC and the TZ show different metamorphic histories. The contact zone shows a strain increase accompanied by asymmetric folds with a top-to-the-northeast vergence, connected to a down-to-the-northeast tectonic transport. The contact is interpreted as an extensional shear zone, connected to the South Tibetan Detachment System. To cite this article: R. Carosi et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 933–940.  相似文献   

高海拔宇宙线观测站LHAASO概况     

曹臻  陈明君  陈松战  胡红波  刘成  刘烨  马玲玲  马欣华  盛祥东  吴含荣  肖刚  姚志国  尹丽巧  查敏  张寿山 《天文学报》2019,60(3):1-16

宇宙线发现百年以来,宇宙线起源仍然是一个谜.研究宇宙线起源主要在甚高能(VHE)伽马射线天文学和宇宙线物理学两个领域交叉展开.新一代高海拔宇宙线观测站(LHAASO)拥有高海拔、全天候和大规模优势,利用多种探测手段对宇宙线开展联合观测,大幅提升对伽马射线和宇宙线的鉴别能力. LHAASO将开展全天区伽马源扫描搜索以大量发现新伽马源,将获得30 TeV以上伽马射线探测的最高灵敏度,将在宽达5个数量级的能量范围内精确测量宇宙线分成份能谱,为揭开宇宙线起源谜团给出重要判据.系统介绍了LHAASO的探测器结构、性能优势和科学目标.  相似文献   

Community‐Derived Standards for LA‐ICP‐MS U‐(Th‐)Pb Geochronology – Uncertainty Propagation,Age Interpretation and Data Reporting          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew S. A. Horstwood  George Gehrels  Simon E. Jackson  Noah M. McLean  Chad Paton  Norman J. Pearson  Keith Sircombe  Paul Sylvester  Pieter Vermeesch  James F. Bowring  Daniel J. Condon  Blair Schoene 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(3):311-332

The LA‐ICP‐MS U‐(Th‐)Pb geochronology international community has defined new standards for the determination of U‐(Th‐)Pb ages. A new workflow defines the appropriate propagation of uncertainties for these data, identifying random and systematic components. Only data with uncertainties relating to random error should be used in weighted mean calculations of population ages; uncertainty components for systematic errors are propagated after this stage, preventing their erroneous reduction. Following this improved uncertainty propagation protocol, data can be compared at different uncertainty levels to better resolve age differences. New reference values for commonly used zircon, monazite and titanite reference materials are defined (based on ID‐TIMS) after removing corrections for common lead and the effects of excess ²³⁰Th. These values more accurately reflect the material sampled during the determination of calibration factors by LA‐ICP‐MS analysis. Recommendations are made to graphically represent data only with uncertainty ellipses at 2s and to submit or cite validation data with sample data when submitting data for publication. New data‐reporting standards are defined to help improve the peer‐review process. With these improvements, LA‐ICP‐MS U‐(Th‐)Pb data can be considered more robust, accurate, better documented and quantified, directly contributing to their improved scientific interpretation.  相似文献   

1988年澜沧—耿马地震的预报速报与对策     

姜葵  刘祖荫 《地震研究》1989,12(4):285-299

1988年11月6日,在云南省澜沧、耿马相继发生了7.6级、7.2级地震。这次地震前曾经作过准确的中长期预报。在1985年完成1986年出版的南北地震带未来十年地震危险性研究报告和预测图中,澜沧、耿马地区就是两个圈定的7级危险区中的一个。1986年该报告正式上报云南省人民政府。1987年起该区域为我省的地震危险性监视区。1988年除加强监视外,我们还加强了一系列大震对策措施的准备工作。1988年8月该区地震活动增强,我局派出的现场考察组向当地政府作了汇报,并指出该区仍存在着严重的地震危险性。与此同时,省局科技人员对该区作出了一系列不同程度的短期预报,并向当地打了招呼,当地政府采取了一定的措施。遗憾未能作出临震预报。大震发生后,我局昆明遥测台网仅7分钟定了位置和震级,并报告了国家地震局和省政府,及时为抗震救灾提供可靠的科学依据。震后2.5小时,现场监测队伍就出发了。在大震现场仅三天内就作出了地震趋势判断,也较好地作出了强余震的预报,有力地组织了地震考察及地震知识宣传。这一系列的大震对策工作极大地推动了现场的抗震救灾工作,减轻了震灾的继续发生及其带来的巨大的心理和社会影响。整个澜沧—耿马地震的预报、速报及大震对策工作在国内外都是一次较高水平的科学实践,得到了中央慰问团及  相似文献   

1999～2001·勘查地球化学·资源与环境   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13  

奚小环 《物探与化探》2003,27(1):1-6,12

1999～2001年,勘查地球化学取得一系列重要进展和成果,在中国西部以资源调查和评价为主推进区域化探,在中国东部以环境调查和评价为主启动多目标区域地球化学填图,逐步形成新世纪勘查地球化学资源与环境并重的发展格局.与此相适应,提出了资源潜力地球化学评价与生态环境地球化学评价为主导的基本思路和方法.  相似文献   

区域可持续发展的理论探讨^*   总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27  

吕鸣伦  刘卫国 《地理研究》1998,17(2):131-137

文章界定了区域可持续发展的定义,同时结合区域发展的时空演化特点,从系统的角度分析了区域可持续发展的内在机制、动力、发展模式及演化过程,提出了“广义熵”(Extensive Entropy)的概念和区域可持续发展的信息动力学假说.理论上分析表明,组合logistic曲线可能是区域可持续发展的最佳模式.  相似文献   

人的自然与自然的人——21世纪人口与资源环境可持续发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周毅 《地球学报》1998,19(3):325-334

２０世纪是人类物质文明最发达的时代,但也是地球生态环境和自然资源遭到破坏最为严重时期。不可持续的经济畸增的产生和消费模式使人类生存和发展面临严峻挑战。传统工业是一柄福音和灾祸的双刃剑,中国并不庞大的工业由于先天不足、粗放外延发展等原因过早地走入了破坏自然生态、人口急剧膨胀、环境污染不断加剧的尴尬境地,有可能重蹈发达国家“经济腾飞,公害泛滥”的覆辙。本文提出人口、生态、资源、环境、社会、经济、文明可持续发展新思路及可操作性对策是当务之急。  相似文献   

Study of the anisotropy of cosmic rays with <Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis><Subscript>0</Subscript>≥5×10<Superscript>16</Superscript> eV using Yakutsk EAS array data     

A. V. Glushkov 《Astronomy Letters》2003,29(3):142-152

We present the results of a harmonic analysis of and search for clusters in the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energies E₀≥5×10¹⁶ eV and zenith angles ?≤53° detected at the Yakutsk extensive air shower (EAS) array from 1974 to 2002. We show that the phase of the first harmonic periodically varies greatly and takes on nonrandom values at a confidence level ≥4σ. These phases point to the Supergalactic plane (the Local supercluster of galaxies).  相似文献